ธรรม
Buddhist teaching
Native recording
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- 1 Buddhist teaching、dharma、doctrine[religion]
- 2 virtue、morality、righteousness、moral goodness
- 3 fairness、justice、justness
ธรรม refers to Buddhist teachings, moral goodness, and fairness or justice. On its own it sounds somewhat formal or religious, and learners will often meet it in forms such as ธรรมะ and ความเป็นธรรม.
Buddhist teaching、dharma、doctrine[religion]
This sense refers to Buddhist doctrine, teachings, or the path of practice. It is common in temple, sermon, meditation, and religious contexts.
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ฟังธรรม faŋ tham listen to a sermon ฟังธรรม details
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ปฏิบัติธรรม patìbàt tham practice Dhamma ปฏิบัติธรรม details
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แสดงธรรม sadɛɛŋ tham give a Buddhist sermon แสดงธรรม details
virtue、morality、righteousness、moral goodness
This sense means moral goodness, virtue, or ethical rightness. It is about what is morally proper, not just what is allowed by a rule.
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คนมีธรรม khon mii tham a person with moral integrity คนมีธรรม details
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มีธรรมในใจ mii tham nay cay have virtue in one's heart มีธรรมในใจ details
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ธรรมชนะอธรรม tham chaná atham righteousness defeats wrongdoing ธรรมชนะอธรรม details
fairness、justice、justness
This sense means fairness or justice, especially fair treatment or a just decision. It is most practical in forms like ความเป็นธรรม and เป็นธรรม.
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ความเป็นธรรม khwaam pen tham fairness; justice ความเป็นธรรม details
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การตัดสินที่เป็นธรรม kaan tàt sǐn thîi pen tham a fair decision การตัดสินที่เป็นธรรม details
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เรียกร้องความเป็นธรรม rîak rɔ́ɔŋ khwaam pen tham demand justice เรียกร้องความเป็นธรรม details
Learning notes
Explanation
ธรรม is a Pali/Sanskrit-based word with a formal weight to it. Its core idea is a right principle or truth that people or things should follow. From that core, it extends to Buddhist teaching, moral virtue, and social fairness. As a standalone word it can sound formal, but it is very common inside compounds such as ศีลธรรม, คุณธรรม, ความเป็นธรรม, and ยุติธรรม.
Usage
You will hear it in temples, sermons, meditation, and Buddhist events in phrases like ฟังธรรม and ปฏิบัติธรรม. In news, law, workplace issues, and social problems, it often appears as ความเป็นธรรม, เป็นธรรม, or ยุติธรรม to mean fairness or justice. In discussions of ethics or character, it appears in related words such as ศีลธรรม and คุณธรรม.
Caution
Do not translate ธรรม as “nature” by default. “Nature” is usually ธรรมชาติ, and “ordinary” is ธรรมดา. In casual speech about Buddhist or spiritual teachings, ธรรมะ is often the more natural choice.
Differences from similar words
1 Buddhist teaching synonyms
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ธรรมะ is the more accessible everyday word for Buddhist or spiritual teachings. ธรรม is more formal and often appears in religious contexts or compounds.
2 virtue synonyms
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ศีลธรรม is a common word for morals or morality in society. ธรรม feels broader and more fundamental, suggesting virtue or moral truth, and can sound more formal or religious.
3 fairness synonyms
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ยุติธรรม is a very common word for justice or fairness, especially in legal and social contexts. For ธรรม in this sense, learners should usually use ความเป็นธรรม or เป็นธรรม rather than ธรรม alone.