ใด
which
A native Thai recording for this word is on the way. Please check back soon.
- 1 which、what
- 2 any、whichever、not any [in negative clauses]
This word leaves a person, thing, place, or choice unspecified. It can ask “which” or refer broadly to “any,” and is most common in formal or written Thai.
which、what
Used to ask which person, thing, place, or option is meant, usually following a noun or classifier.
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คุณต้องการแบบใด khun tɔ̂ŋ kaan bɛ̀ɛp day Which type would you like? คุณต้องการแบบใด details
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ประเทศนี้อยู่ในทวีปใด prathêet níi yùu nay thawîip day Which continent is this country in? ประเทศนี้อยู่ในทวีปใด details
any、whichever、not any [in negative clauses]
Refers to any member of a group without selecting one. In a negative clause, it commonly means “no” or “not any.”
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เลือกอันใดก็ได้ lʉ̂ak an day kɔ̂ɔ dâay You may choose any one. เลือกอันใดก็ได้ details
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ไม่มีปัญหาใด ๆ mây mii panhǎa day day There are no problems at all. ไม่มีปัญหาใด ๆ details
Learning notes
Explanation
The central idea of ใด is that the referent has not been identified or limited to a particular one. It normally follows a noun or classifier: วันใด means “which day,” วิธีใด “which method,” and อันใด “which one.” In questions, it means “which.” With expressions such as ก็ได้, it means “any” or “whichever.” In a negative clause, it produces meanings such as “not any” or “no.” The repeated form ใด ๆ emphasizes that nothing is being specified, as in ไม่มีข้อมูลใด ๆ, “There is no information at all.” It sounds relatively formal in modern Thai. Everyday conversation usually favors forms with ไหน or อะไร.
Usage
ใด is common in regulations, contracts, application forms, news reports, and official notices where precise, impersonal wording is appropriate. It also appears in speeches, sayings, and lyrics for a more elevated or general tone. In ordinary conversation, speakers usually choose forms such as อันไหน “which one,” คนไหน “which person,” or ที่ไหน “where.”
Caution
ใด normally comes after the noun or classifier it relates to: “which day” is วันใด, not ใดวัน. Also, ใด and ใด ๆ are not inherently negative. A meaning such as “none” or “not any” comes from a negative expression such as ไม่มี, ไม่, or ไม่ได้.
Differences from similar words
1 which synonyms
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ไหน also means “which” and is the usual choice in everyday conversation. ใด expresses the same question in a more formal or written style.