งด
refrain from
Native recording
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- 1 refrain from、abstain from
- 2 cancel、suspend、discontinue
This verb means deliberately not doing something that would normally be done, including abstaining from an activity, canceling an event, suspending a service, or waiving a charge.
refrain from、abstain from
To deliberately refrain from an activity or abstain from consuming something, often for a particular period or reason.
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งดอาหารก่อนตรวจเลือด ŋót aahǎan kɔ̀ɔn trùat lʉ̂at Do not eat before the blood test. งดอาหารก่อนตรวจเลือด details
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กรุณางดสูบบุหรี่ karunaa ŋót sùup bùrìi Please refrain from smoking. กรุณางดสูบบุหรี่ details
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งดเหล้าในวันเข้าพรรษา ŋót lâw nay wan khâwphansǎa Abstain from alcohol on the first day of Buddhist Lent. งดเหล้าในวันเข้าพรรษา details
cancel、suspend、discontinue
To call off something that was planned or temporarily suspend an activity or service that would normally operate.
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วันนี้งดให้บริการ wan níi ŋót hây bɔɔrikaan Service is suspended today. วันนี้งดให้บริการ details
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โรงเรียนงดกิจกรรมกลางแจ้ง rooŋrian ŋót kìtcakam klaaŋ cɛ̂ɛŋ The school canceled outdoor activities. โรงเรียนงดกิจกรรมกลางแจ้ง details
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งดการแข่งขันเพราะฝนตกหนัก ŋót kaan khɛ̀ŋ khǎn phrɔ́ fǒn tòk nàk The match is canceled because of heavy rain. งดการแข่งขันเพราะฝนตกหนัก details
Learning notes
Explanation
The central idea of งด is choosing not to do something that would normally be done or was expected to happen. It commonly appears before a noun or an activity. For example, งดอาหาร means to abstain from food, งดสูบบุหรี่ means to refrain from smoking, and งดกิจกรรม means to cancel an activity. In signs and public notices, กรุณางด… is a common polite formula meaning “Please refrain from….” It sounds less forceful than a direct prohibition. In voting contexts, the fixed expression งดออกเสียง means to abstain from voting rather than vote for or against a proposal.
Usage
It is commonly used for fasting before medical tests, notices requesting no smoking or drinking, canceled events, and temporarily suspended services. It also appears in more formal contexts such as fee waivers and abstentions in voting. Although natural in conversation, it is especially frequent in signs, announcements, institutional notices, and news reports.
Caution
งด often suggests not doing something on this occasion or for a limited period; it does not necessarily mean quitting permanently. Use เลิก for giving something up, ห้าม for a direct prohibition, and เลื่อน when an event is postponed to a later date. งดงาม is a single word meaning “beautiful.” In modern Thai, งด is not normally used by itself with that meaning.
Differences from similar words
1 refrain from synonyms
2 cancel synonyms
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ยกเลิก is the general term for formally canceling a reservation, agreement, or plan. งด is especially common in notices saying that an event or service will not take place on this occasion or is temporarily suspended.
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หยุด broadly means to stop an action already in progress or to become stationary. งด focuses on not carrying out something normally done or previously planned.