สด

Explanation

The central idea of สด is being close to an original or present state, with little aging, processing, or mediation. It normally follows the noun it modifies: ปลาสด means “fresh fish,” ดนตรีสด means “live music,” and สีแดงสด means “vivid red.” It can also function as a predicate, as in สดมาก, “very fresh,” and ไม่สด, “not fresh.” เงินสด is the common fixed expression for “cash”; สด by itself does not mean cash. สดชื่น, meaning “refreshed” or “refreshing,” is also best learned as a complete word.

Usage

It is common in markets and restaurants when talking about the freshness or processing of fish, meat, vegetables, milk, and juice. In entertainment and media, it appears in expressions such as ดนตรีสด for live music and ถ่ายทอดสด for live broadcasting. It is also used for vivid colors, in beauty and social-media talk through หน้าสด, in the expressive phrase สดๆ ร้อนๆ for something that has just happened, and in เงินสด for cash.

Caution

With food, สด does not automatically mean uncooked. ปลาสด normally means fresh fish. To state clearly that food is uncooked, use ดิบ, as in ปลาดิบ, “raw fish.” For a new product or possession, use ใหม่: รถใหม่ means “a new car,” while รถสด is not natural. Also, do not freely use สด alone as a noun meaning “a live show” or “cash”; learn it in established combinations such as รายการสด, ถ่ายทอดสด, and เงินสด.

1 fresh synonyms

• ดิบ

  dìp raw

  ดิบ specifically means uncooked or unripe. สด focuses on freshness or lack of preservation and does not always mean uncooked.

• ใหม่

  mày new

  ใหม่ broadly means new or recently made. สด is used when freshness or a still-unaltered condition is the important point.

3 vivid synonyms

• ฉูดฉาด

  ฉูดฉาด means flashy or showy and can sound critical. สด neutrally describes a color as vivid or bright.

4 without makeup synonyms

• ไม่แต่งหน้า

  ไม่แต่งหน้า is a neutral, explicit way to say that someone is not wearing makeup. หน้าสด is a shorter and more conversational expression.

5 just now synonyms

• เพิ่ง

  phə̂ŋ just; recently

  เพิ่ง neutrally indicates that something happened recently. สดๆ ร้อนๆ is more expressive and stresses that an event or piece of news is extremely recent.